Affirmative action Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Affirmative action - Term Paper Example Some people have stated that no discrimination exists in America hence there is no need for affirmative action. Others acknowledge the presence of discrimination in various forms but argue that steps should be taken to wipe out this discrimination rather than giving favorable treatment to those who are discriminated against. Still others view affirmative action positively; however in these people are not in agreement over the means to implement it. Some people want only the pool of candidates for a job to be increased whereas other want preferential treatment to be given to minorities and women ; even arguing that reservations like the type seen in countries like India and South Africa should be enforced in America. But people have hardly argued over the most basic question –â€Å"what are the benefits of affirmative action of there are any?† Affirmative action had been started in America with the intention of negating the effects of discrimination which are regularly faced by women and minorities in the labor market. Although the discrimination has significantly reduced but research shows that certain classes of people continue to face many problems in the job market. Statistical analysis has shown that there is still a sizable sex and race wage gap. The number of men who reach the top echelons of corporate America is far greater than Women or American Africans who are able to reach the top. In addition to this there have been many court cases recently pointing to sex and race discrimination e.g. – the recently concluded $54million settlement of sex discrimination law suit against Morgan Stanley. (Winkler)Audit studies have concluded that equally qualified workers who apply for the same job, a white man is more likely to get an interview call when compared to women or minorities. Affirmative action started in America when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed an executive order in 1965 which required federal contractors or

Lamb to the Slaughter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lamb to the Slaughter - Essay Example The use of irony can easily captivate and excite us. Many a times in order to understand the moral of the story or the theme; it needs one to be able to recognize irony. There are multiple uses and examples of irony throughout this short story. One example is when Mary Maloney goes to the grocery store after she kills her husband; she acts as if nothing has happened and gives the grocery store clerk the idea that everything is fine. This is considered dramatic irony because the reader knows more about what’s taken place than some of the characters in the story. The clerk thinks Patrick is at home waiting for dinner, but we know he is dead. Another example is when the policemen are eating the leg of lamb and one says "Probably right under our very noses. What do you think, Jack? "(Dahl 9).This is dramatic irony because the weapon used to kill Patrick really is right under their noses. Yet they have obviously committed one of the worst errors possible in this crime scene, and lo st the pivotal evidence they would need to for finding the killer, they continue eating, assuming the leg of lamb could never be a weapon, while Mary Maloney is giggling in the other room. In other words, Dahl is trying to capture here, and the dramatic irony really catches the tone of the dark comedy. That makes the audience feel the ideas of a tragedy as something funny. Therefore, relating back to the overall picture of the piece of literate as a dark comedy. The conflict then begins to arise again as she creates an alibi and brings in the police to catch the murderer. There are two external conflicts in this story.

Up from Slavery Booker T. Washington, Summary

Up from Slavery Booker T. Washington, Summary The book Up from Slavery, is about a nine-year-old slave named Booker T. Washington who lived on a plantation in Virginia.  Booker T. Washington describes his childhood as a slave as well as the hard work it took to get an education. Booker T. Washington shares details of the changes he went through from a student to teacher.  He also outlines his experience as an educator and how helped with the development and opening of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Booker T. describes the progress of when Tuskegee started having classes small shacks to now having classes in new buildings. The last chapter, describes Booker T. career as a public speaker and civil rights activist. Booker T. mention the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition in 1895 which made him well known nationwide. He ends his story with several acknowledgments he had received for his work which includes an honorary degree from Harvard.  In addition to, there were two significant people who made a visit t o Tuskegee, President McKinley and General Samuel C. Armstrong. Booker T. was a nationwide leader for the development of African Americans in the post-Reconstruction South. He pushed for the economic and industrial improvement of Blacks while helping Whites with voting rights and social equality. His mother was the plantation cook where they lived. It did not have glass windows and the doors barely hung on uneven hinges. There were large cracks in the walls that let in cold air in the winter and humidity in the summer. The floor was the stripped to the ground. Booker T. had no reminiscence of playing games or sports. He regretted it because he believed he would have been a more useful man if he had. However, because he was a slave he dedicated his life to work. He cleaned yards, carried water, and took corn to the mill. Moving corn to the mills was the hardest jobs he had ever done. While at work, Booker T. heard two men chatting about a school for African Americans people which would be opening in Virginia. Booker T. learned that not only was the institute famous, but openings were offered to help cover the cost of room and board and the students would be taught a trade. Booker T. felt like this could be a great chance. He was fixed on going to the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia. Booker T. left the salt mines to get a job at the General Lewis Ruffner, the owner of the mines. He wanted to continue to make money. General Lewis wife was a very strict boss. A lot of young men had quit or had got fired because they didnt meet her values.  Booker T. would walk around all night and beg for a ride until he had reached 82 miles to Hampton. He did not have any money to pay for a place to sleep so he walked around the city of Richmond until he found a place to sleep. Booker T. had saved enough money to reach Hampton. He believed he had a surplus of 50 cents. When he reached Hampton, he was impressed by the beauty of the school building. He believed that his life would have new meaning. He stood before the head teacher hoping to enroll but he didnt make a satisfactory impression on her. His clothes were dirty and his appearance was rough. The teachers at Hampton helped to provided Booker T. with fresh clothing because the institute had strict rules. All students attending had to have clean clothes and shiny shoes. Booker T. was also given an extra set of clothing that was sent in barrels from up North.  Booker T. slept in a bed for the first time that had sheets on them.  He was unaccustomed to sleeping on sheets for the first several nights. After watching the other boys for a while, he picked up on how to make his bed. Booker T. was one of the youngest adolescent boys in the school but that didnt stop his determination. Even as Booker T. att ended school at Hampton Institute, he learned a significant lesson about education that would be with him for a long time. One of the lessons was being clean was a vital part of a persons self-confidence. He also learned that even though if a person had an education, it did not put them directly above blue-collar labor. Booker T. believed education should be well rounded and that a people should learn to enjoy labor. He also learned to be more independent and valuable to others in his surroundings.  In addition to, Booker T. thought that people should not be selfless but lead by example. Booker T. Washington later take all his left lessons to the Tuskegee Institute where he became a principal. In the month of May, 1881, General Armstrong accepted a proposal from a group of philanthropists who recommended that the principal for the new school be an African American in the little town of Alabama which would be called Tuskegee. At the time of the request, people assumed that there would not be an African American man that would qualify for the position. Nevertheless, to the shock of the founders of the Tuskegee Institute, Booker T. Washington was recommended for the position where he would be accepted at the school. Shortly after Booker T. Washington made it to Tuskegee, the founders and Booker T. agreed that the school would open on July 4, 1881, Independence Day. Booker T. thought the goal of the Tuskegee Institute would be the source for people who could work hard, learn a skill, and make a living. He also thought people should learn the meaning of hygiene and religion. Booker T. wanted the graduates to go all over the country and be a model to all they met.  Reading, wr iting and arithmetic was taught. But a greater value was placed on the skills and everyday living. Booker T. hope students would know that working as a laborer was not an embarrassment. As a part of all the students training, they were expected to do all the work at the institute. In 1893, Booker T. Washington married his third wife, Miss Margaret James Murray, who had graduate of Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee.  Portia his daughter was a dressmaker. She had a passion for music. Portia later was hired as an instructor at Tuskegee. His son Booker T., Jr. learned the brick masons trade. He wanted to become an architect one day.  Ernest, the youngest son wanted to be a doctor. He decided to gain experience in a doctors office. His biggest guilt was he couldnt spend more time with his family. Twenty years later, the Tuskegee Institute has incorporated a lot of land built by the student. All the manufacturing departments demonstrated skills that permitted students to get careers once they graduated at the institute. Washington died in 1915 as one of the most popular black men in the world. Booker T. had dinners with the President of the United States, as well as dining with royal families in Europe. Washington was an intellectual man who tried to do the best for African Americans. He wanted to have an education that would allow them to live ideal lives. A number of black leaders in America today, such as Alan Keys, hope to go back to Washingtons structure of educating the head, hand, and the heart. The Tuskegee Institute has improved since Washingtons time. While the school was built to help African Americans to learn a skill, it now supports students to earn a college degree. Washingtons assessment on integration consisted of living by example. Washington felt if black pe ople could demonstrate white people they could act sophisticated and be an asset to the community, all the races would finally get along. Washington felt like the government could make people like one another by making it legal. Washington believed African Americans had to prove themselves as equals.

Earth and Spirituality Essay -- Christianity Creation Ecology Papers

Earth and Spirituality For many people, spirituality and ecology may be separate disciplines, spirituality being the realm of clergy and ecology the realm of scientists. But we are living in a time of both ecological and spiritual crisis, one in which we are loosing species at unprecedented rates and in which masses of people are desperately seeking some spiritual direction in life. It is possible that the only way to restore wholeness may be to rediscover the vital connection between the two crises: a spirituality centered in Creation. Spirituality is a part of human existence which people have recognized as far back as we are able to discern, and yet it is a concept not easily defined in words. One way to define it may be to describe spirituality as the relationship between life and the spirit. The spirit is that part of ourselves which is at the core of our existence and of who we are as beings, that which extends beyond ourselves and gives life meaning beyond physical survival. Religion then is organized spirituality: the uplifting and nurturing of spirit by people uniting to go about the business of living. Throughout existence as we know it, religion has taken many forms, but as is the case with spirituality, it appears to be as ancient as human life itself. History of Spirituality in connection with Earth I will begin by discussing some of the history of spirituality as connected with Earth. So-called "primitive" religion, in what we are able to gather from cave drawings, fossils, and artifacts, centered around the interconnectedness of the human and non-human worlds, and also for many thousands of years, had a distinctly feminine or androgynous focus in its imagery. Integral to this spirituality were ritual a... ...ciety Publishers. "Shamanic Counseling and Ecopsychology". 1995. In Theodore Roszak, Mary Gomes, and Allen Kanner (Eds.), Ecopsychology: Restoring the Earth, Healing the Mind (p. 182). San Fransisco: Sierra club Books. Sjoo, Monica and Barabara Mor. 1987. The Great Cosmic Mother. San Francisco: Harper and Row. Soelle, Dorothee. 1990. The Window of Vulnerability: A Political Spirituality. Minneapolis: Fortress. Solutions Now: holistic problem solving. Availableat: http://www.solutions.com/soulu__spirita.html Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria. 1996. Reclaiming Earth-based spirituality. In Rosemary Radford Reuther (Ed.), Women Healing Earth (pp. 99-106). Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books. Toynbee, Arnold. 1974. The Religious Background of the Present Environmental Crisis. In David and Eileen Spring (Eds.), Ecology and Religion in History. New York: Harper and Row.

Importance of Physical Education

Childhood is the best period to learn, shape or change behaviors. It is recognized worldwide that the healthy, physically active child is more likely to be academically motivated, alert and successful in school and more likely to adopt behaviours that will foster good health throughout life thereby promoting lifelong wellness. The school is being increasingly perceived as the hub of efforts to promote health and well being of our children.With the growing popularity of private tuition, multimedia technology and the presence of television in practically all Mauritian homes, today’s youngsters are more likely to spend their leisure time in sedentary activities with limited opportunities for social interaction. Hence, exploring approaches in promoting physical activity and social interaction in the daily lives of this younger generation has become an urgent need.Health and Physical Education (HPE) in the school curriculum proves to be an effective means to address this need. Thro ugh a life-skills approach to PE, children can develop the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values to grow into healthy, physically active adolescents and productive adults. HPE is intended to address not only the physical, but also the social and emotional dimensions of health, thus fostering the overall development of the child.There is evidence showing that effective teaching of HPE promotes self-esteem, helps children to develop responsible friendships, enables them to accept personal differences and inculcates in them a sense of respect for others. The physical education learning objectives should include objectives in developing the psycho motor domain, cognitive domain and affective domain of individual students. Physical education for students aims at: * Developing knowledge and skills relating to physical activity, aesthetic development, and social development. Developing confidence and ability to master basic motor skills that will encourage participation in various physic al activities. * Obtaining and maintaining an optimal degree of physical fitness to perform daily tasks efficiently and in control. * Developing personal values through participation in physical activity both corporately and individually.* Participating in physical activities that can develop social skills that enable students to function effectively in relationships between people. Enjoying the fun and joy through physical activity, including sports games. However, it should also be taken into consideration that though Physical Education is included into our curriculum, in very few schools it is being taught. There are various reasons why though included in the curriculum, it is not implemented. Some of the reasons are: * Many schools don’t have the proper infrastructures and equipment, for example, some schools don’t even have a playground or there is very few equipment. It is also perceived by some teachers to be a waste of time. We can often hear them saying that if they indulge in PE classes completing the syllabus will be a problem for them as they might not complete it in time. * Whoever it’s not always the teachers to be blamed. There are teachers who actually want to do PE classes but the headmaster or headmistress might not agree with him/ her. The given reason is often that taking the students out will disturb the normal running of the other classes as there will be noise.

Innocence to experience

Blake was tuned to the huge social and political forces of the late 18th century. This can be seen in Blake's poem ‘The Tyger' as he uses two symbols of revolution; French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution which both happened in the 18th century! The title ‘The Tyger' is a symbol which was used in 18th century newspapers, similar to Blake's symbolic description of the French Reign of Terror. The ‘Times' newspaper talked about the Reign of Terror as a Tyger: â€Å"a tiger stalking the streets of Paris†. This ‘Tyger' was used to symbolize the power, machinery, evil, violence and energy of the revolutions going on at this time. The description ‘Tyger Tyger burning bright' is a pun because ‘burning' could be seen to represent destructiveness whilst ‘bright' is a deep, powerful word for revolution. In the third line ‘What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry?' which has a questioning tone, means that Blake is awestruck on what kind of God would want or allow the French Revolution. In the second verse which talks about Satan's energy, it starts with a questioning tone about heaven or hell ‘deeps or skies'. The question ‘Burnt the fire of thine eyes' is addressed towards Lucifer (the Devil). Verse two and three shows the imagery of the industrial revolution ‘In what furnace was thy brain'. Blake says God is a blacksmith who wrestles with power and energy which is beneficial and at the same time destructive. In the fifth verse: ‘When the stars threw down their spears And water'd heaven with their tears: Did he smile his work to see? Did he who made the Lamb make thee?' This is saying that if there were only good and no evil, there would be no good because there would be no comparison to what is good and what's not. He basically says man needs a bit of ‘lamb' (goodness, kindness, peace) and a bit of ‘Tyger' (power, strength). Blake's poems don't just speak about his current times but can apply to nowadays. ‘The Tyger' is a time symbol of revolution because it can relate to modern society: huge powerful machines such as the nuclear power station. It can relate to the revolution in his time; such as the French Revolution (1789) and the Industrial Revolution but can also relate to more modern revolution; such as the Russian Revolution (1917). Blake did not just dislike the church and revolution but also criticizes and explores the effects of a culture governed by commerce. This can be seen in the poem ‘London'. This poem talks about a London which is overpowered by commerce, government and religion. One of the main places where he enforces this in this poem is on line four ‘Marks of Weakness, marks of woe' which means the people (London) allow themselves to be controlled by commerce. The word ‘marks' is also repeated in this sentence twice and once earlier on; this is a politician's method to repeat the same word three times to enforce his subject. The phrase ‘charter'd street' in the first line suggests that every street is filled with commerce and instead of a list of freedoms; there is a list of restrictions. This word is also repeated on the second line; ‘Near where the charter'd Thames does flow' which is saying that every street and river is devoted to making money and even though the river is symbol of peace and freedom, it is a type of harnessed freedom. Blake doesn't just see London governed by commerce but a corrupt government and monarchy. In the second verse Blake says ‘The mind-forg'd manacles' which is a metaphor meaning that people's minds are in chains and people mindlessly accept a monarchy, a corrupt government and the misery of every day existence because the church brain-washes people into not rebelling and to put up with their terrible lives. However, I think Blake's attacks of the church seem to be of the late 18th century because of his poems such as ‘Chimney Sweeper', ‘Little Black Boy' and ‘Sick Rose'. In the chimney sweeper the children are made to think that no matter how dreadful the church is, in the after life you will be with god, and the children will be celebrating this. They are also brain washed from the church and the society of that time to make the children accept their lives as slaves. In the poem ‘Little Black Boy', black people are indoctrinated from the church and the society to think that white is superior and that black is horrible thing to be and they should look up at the white people. A mother gets told this from the church and so therefore it is passed down the family. These are told to them because they believe the church and think the church is good so they put up with a bad life. This can also be shown in the poem ‘The Sick Rose'. The name Rose is a metaphor for a flower, a name, love, passion, joy and England. It is saying that England is diseased and it's people are turning unhealthy. This can be shown because it is saying that the priest can't have sex so they try to stop others. On the other hand it is wrong in saying that attacks of the church seem to be of the late 18th century because there is still racism and social injustice. We are still indoctrinated but in many different ways by adverts, media, technology and government etc. Blake's poems in the Songs of innocence and Experience can relate to his time but also modern society. His psychic and emotional views about the society he describes are relevant to the 18th century, but they are also relevant today.

The effects of personality on sports performance Essays

The effects of personality on sports performance Essays The effects of personality on sports performance Essay The effects of personality on sports performance Essay Personality Personality is all of our features added together to do each individual alone. The consequence personality has on athleticss public presentation has interested athleticss psychologists since the 1800’s. nevertheless conclusive grounds on whether personality straight affects personality has non been found. Athletes show their ain unique forms of behavior whilst take parting in athleticss public presentation. Many psychologists believe that the quality of public presentation and athletics engagement are determined by personality. A psychologist called Allport said personality is. What a adult male truly is! ’ ; Whiting subsequently added. Not what he appears to be. ’ Among recent definitions. two are of import to us: Personality is the sum sum of an individual’s features which make a human unique. ’ ( Hollander ) Personality represents those features of the individual that history for consistent forms of behavior. ’ ( Pervin. 1993 ) Marten’s Schematic View Marten’s conventional position is seen as holding three different degrees. which are all related to one another. These are: Psychological nucleus Typical responses Role-related behavior The psychological nucleus is the existent you’ . its what contains your beliefs. attitudes. involvements and values. These are seen to be comparatively stable. A typical response would be the usual ways you respond to your environment. the universe around you and the manner you handle certain state of affairss. E. g. you might acquire angry and cry after being fouled in football. as you feel it was unjust and unsportsman-like. on the other manus. you may be truly quiet and diffident when you find yourself run intoing new people. These are typical of the state of affairs and give a good penetration into your psychological nucleus. Role related behavior is determined wholly by the circumstance you find yourself in. It is the most mutable portion of your personality. Your personality will alter as your perceptual experience of the environment alterations. E. g. In the forenoon you are captaining a squad and have to demo leading accomplishments. in the eventide. you work a portion clip occupation and demand to follow instructions. Interactional View Most psychologists accept the interactionist position when explicating behavior. it says that you need to see how state of affairs and personality traits link together. It suggests when situational factors are strong. like in a punishment shoot-out in football. they are more likely to foretell behavior instead than personality. An jock may be really quiet in mundane life. but will shout and act unpredictably if they scored a victorious end. Psychodynamic Theory This attack to personality suggests that personality is made up of the witting and the unconscious. The first portion is called the id’ which stands for the natural thrust. This is the portion of your personality that is unconscious. and makes you do things without believing. E. g. a sprinter at the get downing line in an Olympic concluding may unconsciously get down to experience threatened by all of the outlooks siting on them. doing their musculuss to stop dead through high anxiousness. The 2nd portion of your personality is the self-importance. the witting portion. Then the concluding portion is your ace self-importance. which is the moral scruples you have. The effects of the self-importance and ace self-importance can be seen when a football participant wont take a punishment in a shoot-out because they are disquieted about allowing their squad down. The psychodynamic position attempts to understand the person as a whole instead thana looking at different parts of their personality. This attack isn’t used really frequently in athletics as it focuses on the grounds why we behave a certain manner. it focuses on behavior that comes from an person and ignores the athlete’s environment. This theory. nevertheless. is utile when psychologists are seeking to explicate behavior because it does assist you to understand that non all behavior is consciously under the athlete’s control.